A Review of Hysterosalpingographic Findings among Infertile Women in Delta State University Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria
Keywords:
Review, HSG findings, infertile patient, DELSUTH, tubal blockagesAbstract
Background: Infertility is a significant global public health challenge which negatively impacts on those affected. It is the main indication for hysterosalpingography (HSG) in contemporary gynecologic practice. HSG is a radiographic examination of the endocervical canal, uterine cavity and fallopian tube with the use of a contrast media, and it is commonly used in the evaluation of the female genital tract. The study was therefore conceptualized to document the uterotubal abnormalities in infertile female patients on HSG and correlate the findings with the types of infertility.
Materials and Method: This was a two year retrospective descriptive study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Delta State University Teaching Hospital (DELSUTH), between January 2012 and December 2013. The case files of 193 infertile women who underwent HSG were reviewed. The data was analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS PC+) version 19.
Result: The mean age of the patients was 34.8 ±5.8 years and the median age of patients was 33+ 5.87 years with a range of 22-48 years. Secondary infertility was commoner, accounting for 75.6% of the cases. Tubal abnormalities were the commonest abnormalities (48.5%) and uterine leiomyoma (24.9%) was the commonest uterine abnormality. Fifteen percent had right tubal occlusion, 14% had bilateral tubal occlusion, 7.7% had left tubal occlusion and 0.5% had tubal spasm. Previous surgical termination of pregnancy was majorly associated with secondary infertility and this was statistically significant (P-value=0.000).
Conclusion: Tubal factor remains a major cause of female infertility in southern Nigeria. Fallopian tubal blockage was the commonest genital tract structural abnormality observed on HSG while uterine fibroid was the commonest uterine pathology seen. Previous history of surgical termination of pregnancy was statistically significantly associated with secondary infertility.
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